What Is Canine Distemper

Canine distemper comes from a paramyxovirus that is related to the human measles virus. It attacks cells in the breathing tract, stomach, eyes, and brain. Young dogs and unvaccinated adults face the highest risk.

How the Virus Spreads

Infected dogs release the virus in breath, drool, and eye discharge. Sneezing or coughing can carry the virus six feet. Bowls, toys, and beds stay infectious for hours, and wild animals like raccoons and foxes can pass the virus to pets.

Why Distemper Is Dangerous

• Pneumonia causes breathing trouble and blue gums
• Severe diarrhea and vomiting lead to dehydration
• Skin around the nose and foot pads can become thick and hard
• Brain swelling may cause seizures or muscle twitching weeks after the first signs
• Many dogs that survive keep nervous system damage for life

Early Signs

• Yellow or green eye discharge
• Fever that comes and goes
• Cough and runny nose
• Lack of energy and poor appetite

Treatment

No drug can kill the virus, so treatment supports the dog until the immune system wins.

• Intravenous fluids to fix water loss
• Antibiotics to stop secondary bacterial infection
• Drugs that ease cough and control seizures
• Warm bedding and good nutrition in a quiet isolated room

Prevention

Vaccination works very well. Puppies get shots at six to eight weeks, then every three to four weeks until at least sixteen weeks of age. Adult dogs need a booster one year later, then every three years. Keep unvaccinated pets away from parks and puppy classes. Clean bowls and toys with disinfectant that carries a label for distemper virus.

When to See a Veterinarian

Eye discharge, cough, or seizures in any unvaccinated dog call for an urgent exam. Dogs that miss a booster should visit the clinic at once if an outbreak is reported nearby.

References

1. VCA Animal Hospitals. Canine Distemper.
2. American Veterinary Medical Association. Canine Distemper.
3. Merck Veterinary Manual. Canine Distemper.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy Dogs.