What Are Anal Glands

Anal glands, also called anal sacs, sit on either side of a dog’s anus. They release a strong smelling fluid that helps dogs mark territory and communicate with other dogs. Most dogs empty these sacs while passing stool, yet some breeds and many small or overweight dogs have trouble doing so.

Why Cleaning Is Necessary

When glands do not empty they build up thick fluid. The pressure causes pain, scooting, licking, and a fishy odor. Untreated buildup may harden, leading to impaction, infection, or a rupture that needs surgery and antibiotics. Routine veterinary expression removes the fluid before it reaches that stage and lets the doctor check for early infection.

How Often Should It Be Done

Most healthy dogs never need manual expression. Dogs that scoot or smell every few weeks often need cleaning every one to two months. Very small breeds, dogs with chronic soft stool, and pets with past infections may need it more often. Your veterinarian will set the best schedule after seeing the dog’s stool quality, weight, and medical history.

Signs Your Dog Needs Help

• Scooting or dragging the rear on the floor
• Excessive licking or biting under the tail
• Sudden foul fishy smell
• Swelling or redness near the anus
• Straining to pass stool or crying when defecating

Who Should Perform The Cleaning

A veterinarian or trained groomer can empty the sacs safely and inspect for infection. Home expression is possible yet carries risks of injury, pain, and missed infection. Owners should ask for a demonstration and written instructions before trying it.

Steps a Veterinarian Follows

1. Put on gloves and place the dog on a stable table or the floor.
2. Lubricate a gloved finger and insert it gently into the rectum.
3. Locate each sac at roughly four o’clock and eight o’clock positions.
4. Milk the sac toward the opening until fluid is expelled.
5. Check fluid for blood or pus, then clean the area.
6. Record any inflammation and prescribe medication if needed.

How To Prevent Future Trouble

Feed a balanced diet with enough fiber to keep stool firm, maintain a healthy weight, and schedule routine veterinary checks. Early action keeps the glands healthy and the dog pain free.

References

1. VCA Animal Hospitals. Anal Sac Disease in Dogs.
2. American Kennel Club. Anal Gland Problems in Dogs.
3. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Canine Anal Sac Disorders.